Are prepositions really so difficult? What if I told you that IN JUST 5 MINUTES I could help you solve some of your most confusing preposition problems?
English learners everywhere are confused about prepositions, and English learners every always say it’s one of their biggest difficulties. But with the right strategies, prepositions DO NOT need to be so complicated. If you take a few minutes to learn a few tricks, and visualize the problem in a new way, your experience learning prepositions will be a lot easier. This is gonna be fun! Ready?
Today, we’re going to explore how the prepositions AT, ON, and IN are used with TIME and PLACE, and use a formula that works in around 90% of cases. It’s not perfect, but it gives you a great foundation to learn the exceptions.
Given the fact that most people are visual learners, and most prepositions are best taught in a visual way, we’ll also use graphic organizers and a video lesson to teach this.
The Inverted Pyramid
Before we explain a bit more, let’s take a good look at the picture one more time below. Try to get a general idea of the organization and proportion.
The first thing I want you to recognize, and try your best to visualize as you learn these, there is a general flow with both time and location from general to specific. We’re going to explain it in the following way, first with time, then with location:
- The TOP, which is BIGGER and more GENERAL (IN)
- The MIDDLE, which is SMALLER and MORE SPECIFIC (ON)
- The BOTTOM, which is SMALLEST and the MOST SPECIFIC (AT)
Prepositions of Time
IN- The pyramid’s TOP (wider), which is BIGGER and more GENERAL:
- Description: Bigger periods of time: Centuries, Decades, Years, Months
- Examples: in the 20th century, in the 1980’s, in March, in the third week of April, in the future
- Exceptions: in the morning, in the evening, in the afternoon
ON- The pyramid’s MIDDLE part, which is SMALLER and MORE SPECIFIC:
- Description: Days, or periods of time shorter than three days
- Examples: on my birthday, on Saturday, on the weekend (United States), on June 8th
- Exceptions: on my lunch break, on time
AT- The pyramid’s BOTTOM (pointed), the SMALLEST, and the MOST SPECIFIC:
- Description: Specific times or small time periods.
- Examples: at 9:00 PM, at lunch, at dinner, at the start of the party, at sunrise, at the start of the movie, at the moment
- Exceptions: at night, at the weekend (England)
Prepositions of Location
IN – The TOP (wider), which is BIGGER and more GENERAL:
- Description: In larger areas (countries, states, cities, neighborhoods)
- Examples: in the United States, in Miami, in my neighborhood
- Exceptions: in downtown (“I work in downtown”)
ON – The MIDDLE, which is SMALLER and MORE SPECIFIC:
- Description: a longer area, street, beach, river
- Examples: on Broadway Street, on the beach, on my street
AT – The pyramid’s BOTTOM (pointed), the SMALLEST, and the MOST SPECIFIC:
- Description: the address or specific location, specific points.
- Examples: at 345 broadway street, at the store, at my house
Prepositions of Placement
The mind map pyramid below explains TIME in the same way we did above (only this one is not inverted), but it also introduces prepositions PLACE/PLACEMENT, which we will focus on here.
IN – for enclosed spaces and personal modes of transportation
- Enclosed Space: in the kitchen, in the house, the water is in the glass
- Personal Modes of Transportation: get in the car, my friend is in the taxi
ON – for surfaces and public modes of transportation
- Surfaces: on the floor, on the wall, the book is on the table, on a page, I put on my clothes (my clothes are on my body)
- Public Modes of Transportation: on the bus, on the plane, on a boat, on a ship,
- Exceptions: on my motorcycle, on my bike (these are personal modes of transportation, but we use “on”)
AT – for specific point (the same as prepositions of location)
- at the bus stop, at the cinema, at the corner, at the top of the hill, at the mall
Becoming Friends With Prepositions
Again, these rules are not an exact science, but they will help you get past 90% of the preposition confusion that most people encounter with IN, ON, and AT.
After you learn these techniques, you will not only speak a lot better, and with a lot more confidence, but the final 5 to 10% of prepositions won’t seem too hard. It will probably take some study time and some memorization of collocations (“in the kitchen,” “at the mall,” but you will see that it’s a lot more manageable. The point is that you don’t want to be thinking about the rules too much when you’re communicating.
This will help make most of the process unconscious and automatic, which is exactly what fluency is.
You can use Anki, a really effective vocabulary study tool, or other free study resources that can make your process a lot easier to learn using these prepositions. Another thing that will naturally help is reading and making English a part of your life.
Reference:
GRAMMAR POINT
Suppose, supposing and what if
Öneriler
"suppose, supposing and what if + present verb form" öneri sunarken kullanılır.
A:What time shall we meet?
B:Suppose we meet in the offices downstairs at four o’clock?
A:That’s perfect. I’ll let the others know.
Supposing I don’t bring my car and you and I travel together. That would save us half the cost of petrol and parking.
A:The electricity has gone. There must be a power cut.
B:What if we find the candles and put them around the room?
A:Okay. Good idea. Do you know where they are?
Olasılık
Tahminde bulunurken, emin olmadığımız durumlar için suppose, supposing and what if + past form kullanılır.
Suppose we asked Mary to baby-sit? Do you think she’d do it? (not as certain as Suppose we ask Mary to baby-sit?)
Supposing someone else wrote the essay. How would we know? (not as certain as Supposing someone else writes the essay …)
Olmamış bir şeyden kurgusal olarak bahsedildiğinde, past perfect kullanılır.A:
What if I gave up working full-time. I’d love that.
B:
You’re joking surely!!
Suppose we hadn’t brought our umbrellas. (We did bring our umbrellas.)
Supposing they had closed the road. Would that have been a good idea? (They didn’t close the road.)
What if I had accidentally told Maria about the party! That would have ruined the surprise. (I didn’t tell Maria about the party.)
VOCABULARY
| Complicated | komplike, karmaşık |
| Confused | şaşkın |
| Confusing | çetrefilli, karışık |
| Effective | etkili, etkileyici |
| Enclosed | iliştirilmiş, kapanmış,ekte |
| Encounter | rastlamak, karşılamak |
| Foundation | kurum, temel, dayanak |
| Memorization | ezber, ezberleme |
| Unconscious | şuursuz, bilinçsiz |
| Visualize | hayalinde canlandırmak, görselleştirmek |
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